Title | Compensatory processing during rule-based category learning in older adults. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Authors | Bharani KL, Paller KA, Reber PJ, Weintraub S, Yanar J, Morrison RG |
Journal | Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn |
Volume | 23 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 304-26 |
Date Published | 2016 |
ISSN | 1744-4128 |
Keywords | Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Young Adult |
Abstract | Healthy older adults typically perform worse than younger adults at rule-based category learning, but better than patients with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. To further investigate aging's effect on rule-based category learning, we monitored event-related potentials (ERPs) while younger and neuropsychologically typical older adults performed a visual category-learning task with a rule-based category structure and trial-by-trial feedback. Using these procedures, we previously identified ERPs sensitive to categorization strategy and accuracy in young participants. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated the importance of neural processing in the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe for this task. In this study, older adults showed lower accuracy and longer response times than younger adults, but there were two distinct subgroups of older adults. One subgroup showed near-chance performance throughout the procedure, never categorizing accurately. The other subgroup reached asymptotic accuracy that was equivalent to that in younger adults, although they categorized more slowly. These two subgroups were further distinguished via ERPs. Consistent with the compensation theory of cognitive aging, older adults who successfully learned showed larger frontal ERPs when compared with younger adults. Recruitment of prefrontal resources may have improved performance while slowing response times. Additionally, correlations of feedback-locked P300 amplitudes with category-learning accuracy differentiated successful younger and older adults. Overall, the results suggest that the ability to adapt one's behavior in response to feedback during learning varies across older individuals, and that the failure of some to adapt their behavior may reflect inadequate engagement of prefrontal cortex. |
DOI | 10.1080/13825585.2015.1091438 |
Alternate Journal | Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn |
PubMed ID | 26422522 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4828326 |
Grant List | P30 AG013854 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P217A120329 / / PHS HHS / United States T32 AG020506 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R25 MH080794 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States T32AG020506 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States AG13854 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States T32 GM008716 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States 1R25 MH080794-01 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States T32 GM08716-13 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States |
Submitted by kej2006 on June 6, 2018 - 4:11pm